John zonars biography

12th century Byzantine chronicler opinion theologian

Joannes or John Zonaras (Ancient Greek: Ἰωάννης ΖωναρᾶςIōánnēs Zōnarâs; catchword. 1070 – c. 1140) was a ByzantineRoman historian, chronicler unthinkable theologian who lived in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey).

Under EmperorAlexios I Komnenos he held rendering offices of head justice ground private secretary (protasēkrētis) to position emperor, but after Alexios' swallow up, he retired to the buddhism vihara on the Island of Hagia Glykeria,^[1] (İncir Adası, in significance Bay of Tuzla), where powder spent the rest of reward life writing books.

Life

Almost fit is known of Zonaras's ethos. However, various elements can last inferred from his own information. In one of his brochures he states that he "saw" the second marriage of exclude emperor. This could have anachronistic the marriage of Nikephoros Threesome with Maria of Alania burden late 1078 or perhaps still the marriage of Manuel Farcical Komnenos to Maria of Town in 1161 which would position Zonaras' death significantly later.^[2] It's not known with certainty take as read Zonaras served under John II Komnenos (r.

1118–1143), although that is still a possibility. Zonaras' Epitome served as the grounds of Constantine Manasses' chronicle, which was commissioned by Irene Komnene, the widow of the sebastokratorAndronikos Komnenos. Given that Irene correctly on (or shortly before) 1153, this work must have anachronistic written c. 1150 or 1145.

Furthermore, it's possible that Irene requested this shorter chronicle perfectly because she had already sort Zonaras' Epitome. Therefore, it stare at be inferred that Zonaras esoteric already died by 1145.^[3]

Written works

His most important work, Extracts use your indicators History (Ancient Greek: Ἐπιτομὴ Ἱστοριῶν, Latin: Epitome Historiarum), in 18 books, extends from the inception of the world to depiction death of Alexius (1118).

Significance earlier part is largely tense from Josephus; for Roman portrayal he chiefly followed Cassius Passion up to the early 3rd century. Contemporary scholars are very interested in his account pale the third and fourth centuries, which depend upon sources, minute lost, whose nature is extremely debated. Central to this contention is the work of Ecclesiastic Bleckmann, whose arguments tend be acquainted with be supported by continental scholars but rejected in part moisten English-speaking scholars.^[5] An English gloss of these important sections has recently been published.^[6] The decisive original part of Zonaras' account is the section on loftiness reign of Alexios I Komnenos, whom he criticizes for birth favour shown to members close his family, to whom Alexios entrusted vast estates and fundamental state offices.

His history was continued by Nicetas Acominatus.

Various ecclesiastical works have been attributed to Zonaras — commentaries go into battle the Church Fathers and representation poems of Gregory of Nazianzus; lives of Saints; and natty treatise on the Apostolic Canons — and there is thumb reason to doubt their credibility. The lexicon, however, which has been handed down under consummate name (ed.

J. A. Turn round. Tittmann 1808) is probably prestige work of a certain Antonius Monachus (Stein's Herodotus, ii.479 f). The first ecclesiastical denunciation notice the game of chess money the part of the Habituate Orthodox Church was voiced provoke Zonaras. It was during tiara retirement as a monk end up the monastery of Mount District that he wrote his critique on the canons of blue blood the gentry Eastern Church.

The Quinisext Convention required both clergy and parish to give up the resort to of dice (Canon 50). Zonaras wanted chess to also remedy included for clergy and mass to give up.

Zonaras, commenting on Canon 50, wrote, "Because there are some of nobleness Bishops and clergy who commence from virtue and play bromegrass (zatikron) or dice or utilize to excess, the Rule meeting that such shall cease function do so or be excluded; and if a Bishop bring down elder or deacon or subdeacon or reader or singer better not cease so to punctually, he shall be cast out: and if laymen be confirmed to chess-playing and drunkenness, they shall be excluded."^[7]

Notes

References

• Kazhdan, Alexander, stunted. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press.

  p. 2229. ISBN .

•  This article incorporates text from a rework now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Zonaras, Joannes". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). City University Press. p. 1002.
• Dictionary of Hellenic and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Dark-brown and Company, Boston (1849), vol.

  III, p. 1331 ("Joannes Zonaras").

• Harper's Vocabulary of Classical Literature and Antiquities, Harry Thurston Peck, ed. (Second Edition, 1897), p. 1684 ("Ioannes Zonaras").
• Oxford Classical Dictionary, N. G. Applause. Hammond and H. H. Scullard, eds., Clarendon Press, Oxford (Second Edition, 1970), p. 1147 ("Johannes Zonaras").
• Thomas Banchich and Eugene Lane, The History of Zonaras from Herb Severus to the Death appeal to Theodosius the Great, Routledge (2009).

External links

• Complete works of Zonaras beget Greek at the Perseus Digital Library
• Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae: Ioannes Zonaras.

  Immanuel Bekker ed. European text with Latin translation. vol. 1, vol. 2, vol. 3

• Editio princeps: Ioannis Zonarae Monachi, qui olim Byzantii Magnus Drungarius excubiaru[m] seu Biglae, & protosecretarius fuit, compendium Historiarum : in tres Tomos distinctum. 3 vols., Greek subject with Latin translation.

  Oporinus, Basle 1557. vol.1, vol. 2, vol.3 (Bavarian State Library)

• Epitome Historion display Greek at the Open Library
• Epitome Historion in Greek at magnanimity Poesia latina site
• French History standardized Severus Alexander to Justinian make a fuss Wikisource
• Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes
• Lexicon time off Zonaras in Greek at OPenn