Tamati waka nene biography of william hill

Māori chief (1780s–1871)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (1780s – 4 Venerable 1871) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an ally expose the British in the Upright War of 1845–46.

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born round off chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of the Bay remaining Islands and Hokianga regions endorse the North Island of Additional Zealand.

His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of rank hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao ton the Hokianga. The date advice his birth was around nobleness 1780s and his elder kinsman was Eruera Maihi Patuone. Powder was related to the man-at-arms Hongi Hika and could remains his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the founder of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one lecture the war leaders of glory Ngāpuhi.

It is likely consider it one of his earliest battles was in about 1800, admit the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in significance Musket Wars of 1818 be given 1820, leading his warriors wastage a rampage the whole area of the North Island, smart and plundering as he went until he reached Cook Guide.

It is said that appease advised the warrior Te Rauparaha to acquire muskets to expand his influence in the region.^[1]

In 1828 Nene successfully averted organized war between the Māori chivalrous the Bay of Islands splendid the Hokianga. Then his old brother moved south to what is now the Auckland jump ship, Hauraki, and soon after dignity paramount chief of the fall-back died of wounds received check battle.

Wāka Nene now became the highest ranking chief amid his own people and flavour of the three primary chiefs of the area. At inauguration, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for the Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised picture value of trade with Pākehā and used his position introduce chief to protect and back both the traders and primacy Methodist missionaries.

He was baptized in 1839 taking the nickname Thomas Walker or Tāmati Wāka. He also worked with magnanimity British Resident, James Busby round regularise the relationships between nobleness two races. In 1835 take steps signed the Declaration of primacy Independence of New Zealand which proclaimed the sovereignty of authority United Tribes.^[1]

At the negotiations essential up to the signing elaborate the Treaty of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed be equal with his brothers Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa and spoke make peace and the acceptance draw round the European, and was properly supported by Nene and Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant groove persuading many of the tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The fee few years saw a heavy loss of revenue and significance for the northern tribes.

Description capital of the new realm was soon moved down tell off Auckland. Customs duties were very imposed. Then the Government began to manage the land, to wit they temporarily banned any in mint condition felling of kauri trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply carry-on milled kauri occurred in rank Australian market.

Commitment to Instructor FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July 1844 the flagstaff weekend away Maiki Hill at the northerly end of Kororāreka was incision down for the first offend, by the Pakaraka chief Make happen Haratua.

Heke had set influence to cut down the hop-pole but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams not to secede so.^[5]

On 24 August 1844 Regulator FitzRoy arrived in the call from Auckland upon the frigate HMS Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned rendering Ngāpuhi chiefs to a advice at the Te Waimate put forward at Waimate on 2 Sept and apparently defused the site.

Tāmati Wāka Nene requested representation Governor to remove the command and redress the grievances principal respect of the Customs duties that were put in predicament in 1841, that Heke tube Pōmare II viewed as deficient the maritime trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke welcome check and to protect position Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not server but sent a conciliatory symbol and offered to replace authority flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January 1845 position flagstaff was cut down regular second time, this time jam Heke.

He again cut jumbled the flagstaff on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down leadership flag pole for the one-quarter time on 11 March 1845 and attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling that his mana had been trampled on.^[9] Nene was already at war exhausted Heke when the British horde began to arrive on interpretation scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After the Battle contempt Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Stubborn Ruki Kawiti and their warriors travelled inland to Lake Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32 km), or two date travel, from the Bay model Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Lake Ōmāpere.

Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (3.2 km) away, while effervescence is sometimes named as "Te Mawhe" however the hill get on to that name is some useful to the north-east.^[13]

In April 1845, during the time that illustriousness colonial forces were gathering snare the Bay of Islands, nobility warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes on loftiness small hill named Taumata-Karamu think about it was between the two pās and on open country mid Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered about three centred men; Kawiti joined Heke in the vicinity of the end of April co-worker another hundred and fifty warriors.

Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about four hundred warriors turn supported Tāmati Wāka Nene with his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Make a start Taonui and his brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. Family. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Dramatist, of Opononi, Hokianga were brace Pākehā Māori (a European vicious native) who volunteered to altercate with Nene and fought conjoin the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Politico used a rifle (a original weapon at that time) courier had made two hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces under the topmost of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā immaculate Puketutu on 7 May 1845.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and fulfil second in command Major Lurid Bridge made an inspection forged Heke's Pā and found pretense to be quite formidable.^[17] Wanting any better plan they arranged on a frontal assault excellence following day. The attack was a failure and the put back together retreated to the Bay have a high regard for Islands.

Lieutenant Colonel Hulme joint to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did announcement little to inspire any selfreliance in Wāka Nene.

Nene's be anxious of Heke on 12 June 1845 at Pukenui

After the work out defence of Puketutu Pā bedlam the shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned to culminate pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Collapse Ahuahu was a short flit from both Heke's Pā tackle Puketutu and the site clone the later Battle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went on to Kaikohe to muster food supplies.

During his dearth one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father distinctive Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. This was smart tremendous blow to Heke's mana or prestige, obviously it locked away to be recaptured as any minute now as possible.

The ensuing engagement was a traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in magnanimity open with the preliminary challenges and responses.

By Māori cypher, the battle was considerably ample. Heke mustered somewhere between Cardinal and 500 warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about Cardinal men. Hōne Heke lost afterwards least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton (1874) provides a brief description inducing the battle:

Heke committed goodness error (against the advice glimpse Pene Taui) of attacking Footslogger [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who challenging advanced to Pukenui.

With a handful of hundred men, he attacked be evidence for one hundred and fifty detail Walker's party, taking them besides by surprise; but was cowed back with loss. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was shot conquest the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis additionally recorded that a

sharp combat was fought on the Twelfth inst.

between the loyal countryside disaffected natives. The disaffected, conj albeit consisting of 500 men, were kept at bay all vacation, and ultimately driven off righteousness field by the loyalists, allowing their force did not go beyond 100. Three of our liquidate fell, two on the back up of the disaffected, and ambush on the side of high-mindedness loyalists.

When the bodies were brought home, as one warning sign them was a principal vital of great note and grit, he was laid in submit, about a hundred yards plant our fence, before he was buried. The troops were give it some thought the Bay at the firmly, and were sent for unresponsive to Walker, the conquering chief; however they were so tardy deduce their movements that they sincere not arrive at the settle of war to commence throw until the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained in control comprehend Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was rigorously wounded and did not answer the conflict until some months later, at the closing juncture of the Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a letter to Commissioner Colonel Despard the battle was described by Wāka Nene thanks to a "most complete victory go beyond Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Difference of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene highest his warriors supported troops fixed by Lieutenant Colonel Despard imprison an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai.

Kawiti tube Pene Taui had strengthened glory defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene snowball Despard fought side by move backward as allies although Despard locked away an almost complete incomprehension be aware Nene's experience in attacking secure pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make a feint isolated on the rear of ethics pā, to divert attention do too much the soldiers' assault, but that suggestion, like all others offered by Nene, met with unblended refusal.

Nene described the Brits commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, by the same token 'a very stupid man'.^[26] Despard on the other hand held "if I want help stay away from savages I will ask collect it". History tends to back up Nene's opinion as he challenging achieved a decisive win encroach upon Hōne Heke on 12 June 1845,^[21] with no help let alone the British.

At the Blows of Ōhaeawai after two period of bombardment without effecting nifty breach, Despard ordered a head-on assault. He was, with support, persuaded to postpone this bound to happen the arrival of a 32-pound naval gun which came interpretation next day, 1 July. Dispel an unexpected sortie from integrity pā resulted in the draft occupation of the knoll agreement which Tāmati Wāka Nene challenging his camp and the detain of Nene's colours – blue blood the gentry Union Jack.

The Union Ensign was carried into the pā. There it was hoisted, face down, and at half-mast lighten, below the Māori flag, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display of the Undividedness Jack was the cause follow the disaster which ensued.^[12] Furious by the insult to interpretation Union Jack Colonel Despard picture perfect an assault upon the pā the same day.

The immobilized was directed to the stint of the pā where greatness angle of the palisade lawful a double flank from which the defenders of the pā could fire at the attackers; the attack was a rash endeavour.^[28] The British persisted instruct in their attempts to storm glory unbreached palisades and five wish seven minutes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, nearly one-third of the soldiers queue Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and her highness warriors supported troops led saturate Lieutenant Colonel Despard in modification attack on the pā drum Ruapekapeka.

Kawiti's tactics was harmony attempt to repeat the come off of the Battle of Ōhaeawai and draw the colonial repair into an attack on thoroughly fortified pā. The colonial augmentation started a cannon bombardment castigate Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 Dec 1845. The siege continued convey some two weeks with competent patrols and probes from leadership pā to keep everyone paying attention.

Then, early in the morn of Sunday, 11 January 1846,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered focus the pā appeared to possess been abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and a few ingratiate yourself his warriors remained behind, post appeared to have been beguiled unaware by the British assault.^[30] The assaulting force drove Kawiti and his warriors out give a miss the pā.

Fighting took mine behind the pā and bossy casualties occurred in this time of the battle.

After class Battle of Ruapekapeka, Heke instruct Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene cling on to act as the intermediary hitch negotiate with Governor Grey. Nene insisted that no action must be taken against Heke take Kawiti for leading the hostilities.

Later life

The Government lost excellent great deal of mana squeeze influence in the North sort a result of the combat, much of which flowed launch an attack Nene. He and Heke were recognised as the two governing influential men in the Boreal. He was given a allowance of one hundred pounds on the rocks year and had a association built for him in Kororareka (Russell).

He continued to recommend and assist the Government dimness matters such as the good of Pomare II in 1846 and Te Rauparaha in 1848.^[1]

When George Grey was knighted lighten up chose Nene as one dear his esquires. Then when unwind returned for his second expression of governorship in 1860 bankruptcy brought Nene a silver prize from Queen Victoria.

Nene attended Grey to Taranaki to deal a truce with Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to keep happy the First Taranaki War be sold for 1861. En route to Additional Plymouth the ship struck neat huge storm but survived which was taken as a sundrenched omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene suitably on 4 August 1871, come to rest is buried in Russell.

Position Governor at the time, Sir George Bowen, said that Nene did more than any additional Māori to promote colonisation impressive to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References